#双语阅读#【古文里的高级审美词汇，怎样翻译成英文？】品佳作，赞盛景，本想脱口而出，奈何词穷无言。中华文化广而博，这里整理了一些古文中高级审美词汇表达，学起来吧！
1.洗炼 Terseness / Make Writing Succinct
精简词句，提炼要义。洗炼是一种文字干净、主旨鲜明的文学风格。
This term means that wording should be refined to highlight the essential message. Terseness is a mark of neat and thematically explicit writing.
▌引例
不洗不净，不炼不纯。惟陈言之务去，独戛戛乎生新。（孙联奎《诗品臆说》）
Nothing will be clean until it is cleansed. Nothing will be pure until it is refined. Only by ridding ourselves of any banality, can we become truly original.
2.雄浑 Powerfulness
指雄健有力、浑厚自然的艺术风格与审美气象。
This term, which literally means power and splendor, refers to a natural and powerful artistic style and aesthetic taste.
▌引例
大力无敌为雄，元气未分为浑。（杨廷芝《 <二十四诗品> 浅解》）
Powerfulness means invincible power and indivisible mass of vital energy.
3.纯素 Pure and Unadorned
纯粹而素朴。指纯然素朴、不加人工雕饰的本色之美。
This term refers to natural, unadorned beauty.
▌引例
纯素之道，惟神是守。守而勿失，与神为一。 （《庄子·刻意》）
Within spiritual being lies the value of pure simplicity. If you retain your spirit without fail, you became one with it.
4.隐秀 Latent Sentiment and Evident Beauty
诗歌与文章既隐含丰富的思想感情，又有秀美的名言佳句。
This term means that prose and poetry may contain latent sentiments and thoughts, as well as expressions and sentences that present an apparent sense of beauty.
▌引例
情在词外曰隐，状溢目前曰秀。 （张戒《岁寒堂诗话》卷上引刘勰语）
Latency happens when feelings and thoughts are hidden between the lines of a literary work. Evident beauty occurs when messages of sentiment and feelings are vividly portrayed by the images the author creates.
5.飘逸 Natural Grace
指诗歌作品中所表现出的逍遥自适、超凡脱俗、无拘无束的审美情趣和艺术风格。
Natural Grace refers to free and unconstrained aesthetic style and artistic appeal in poetic works.
▌引例
子美不能为太白之飘逸，太白不能为子美之沉郁。 （严羽《沧浪诗话·诗评》）
Du Fu could not write as freely and unconstrained as Li Bai, while the latter did not possess the style of melancholy and profoundness typical of Du Fu’s poems.
6.空灵 Ethereal Effect
空灵用笔洗练，重在传达神韵，具有空灵特点的作品澄澈透明、飘逸灵动，能使人体悟到自由超脱的审美愉悦。
The notion of ethereal effect values simple layout and economical use of details, seeking to convey character and imagination. Works that make use of ethereal effect convey a wonderful lucidity, and possess openness, freedom, and natural grace. Such works enable viewers to appreciate the aesthetic joy of free imagination.
▌引例
古人用笔极塞实处愈见空灵，今人布置一角已见繁缛。（恽格《南田画跋·题画》）
When painting, classical artists made use of ethereal effect all the more where a dense collection of objects normally was required. However today’s artists no sooner begin to paint than they fill the space with elaborate details.
7.枯淡 Dry Plainness
指诗文作品所呈现的质朴干枯、平和清淡的艺术风格。
This refers to a literary style that appears plain and dry, mild and moderate.
枯淡不是枯涩寡味、平庸浅薄，而是指外表看似干枯平淡、内里丰腴醇厚的一种表现手法，旨在用质朴平淡的语言和描写来表现丰富深刻的思想内容，创造出含蓄深邃、醇厚高远的意境。
▌引例
所贵乎枯淡者，谓其外枯而中膏，似淡而实美，渊明、子厚之流是也。（苏轼《评韩柳诗》）
I value the style of dry plainness because it looks withered and dry outside but is rich inside; it appears plain but is in fact beautiful. Poetry by such writers as Tao Yuanming and Liu Zongyuan is like this.
8.畅神 Free Flow of One's Mind
指精神与自然合一时所达到的自由舒畅的一种审美状态。
The term describes a state of mind one achieves when appreciating an artwork, in which process one's inner feelings interact freely and joyfully with nature.
▌引例
圣贤映于绝代，万趣融其神思，余复何为哉？畅神而已。（宗炳《画山水序》）
As sages of remote past already discovered the philosophical wisdom inherent in nature through imagination and contemplation, what more do I need to do now? All I have to do is relishing the joy when my mind interacts freely with the depicted landscape.
9.高古 Unadorned Antiquity
高远古朴，高雅简古。用于文艺批评，主要指文艺作品中所体现出的意蕴高远古朴、情志高雅，凝重而又深具历史感的艺术风格。
This term describes the quality of loftiness or primitive simplicity, and is used primarily in literary criticism to refer to an ancient nobility, an aspiration or sentiment, or an artistic style of historical gravity.
它有时也指高人雅士独具的一种人格境界。
This term is also used to refer to an elevated state of being attained by noble-minded persons.
▌引例
汉人诗文，存于今者，无不高古浑朴。（章学诚《文史通义·内篇五·妇学篇书后》）
Prose and poetry by Han Dynasty authors, so long as they have survived to this day, all show a lofty adherence to an unadorned antiquity and a charming rusticity.
10.气象 Prevailing Features
原是自然界中景色物候的总称，也指某个时期社会的总体精神风貌。
Qixiang (气象), originally a term about the general state of scenery and physical objects in nature, also refers to the prevailing features of a society in a given period of time.
具体到艺术领域，指艺术作品所呈现出的风格与气概，内涵偏重于宏伟壮大，多用“雄浑”（heroic）“浑厚”（immense）“峥嵘”（sublime）等来修饰。
▌引例
盛唐诸公之诗，如颜鲁公书，既笔力雄壮，又气象浑厚。（严羽《答出继叔临安吴景仙书》）
Works of many poets during the prime of the Tang Dynasty struck readers with their powerful expression, just like the calligraphy of Yan Zhenqing.（内容来源于中国日报网英语点津）
1.洗炼 Terseness / Make Writing Succinct
精简词句，提炼要义。洗炼是一种文字干净、主旨鲜明的文学风格。
This term means that wording should be refined to highlight the essential message. Terseness is a mark of neat and thematically explicit writing.
▌引例
不洗不净，不炼不纯。惟陈言之务去，独戛戛乎生新。（孙联奎《诗品臆说》）
Nothing will be clean until it is cleansed. Nothing will be pure until it is refined. Only by ridding ourselves of any banality, can we become truly original.
2.雄浑 Powerfulness
指雄健有力、浑厚自然的艺术风格与审美气象。
This term, which literally means power and splendor, refers to a natural and powerful artistic style and aesthetic taste.
▌引例
大力无敌为雄，元气未分为浑。（杨廷芝《 <二十四诗品> 浅解》）
Powerfulness means invincible power and indivisible mass of vital energy.
3.纯素 Pure and Unadorned
纯粹而素朴。指纯然素朴、不加人工雕饰的本色之美。
This term refers to natural, unadorned beauty.
▌引例
纯素之道，惟神是守。守而勿失，与神为一。 （《庄子·刻意》）
Within spiritual being lies the value of pure simplicity. If you retain your spirit without fail, you became one with it.
4.隐秀 Latent Sentiment and Evident Beauty
诗歌与文章既隐含丰富的思想感情，又有秀美的名言佳句。
This term means that prose and poetry may contain latent sentiments and thoughts, as well as expressions and sentences that present an apparent sense of beauty.
▌引例
情在词外曰隐，状溢目前曰秀。 （张戒《岁寒堂诗话》卷上引刘勰语）
Latency happens when feelings and thoughts are hidden between the lines of a literary work. Evident beauty occurs when messages of sentiment and feelings are vividly portrayed by the images the author creates.
5.飘逸 Natural Grace
指诗歌作品中所表现出的逍遥自适、超凡脱俗、无拘无束的审美情趣和艺术风格。
Natural Grace refers to free and unconstrained aesthetic style and artistic appeal in poetic works.
▌引例
子美不能为太白之飘逸，太白不能为子美之沉郁。 （严羽《沧浪诗话·诗评》）
Du Fu could not write as freely and unconstrained as Li Bai, while the latter did not possess the style of melancholy and profoundness typical of Du Fu’s poems.
6.空灵 Ethereal Effect
空灵用笔洗练，重在传达神韵，具有空灵特点的作品澄澈透明、飘逸灵动，能使人体悟到自由超脱的审美愉悦。
The notion of ethereal effect values simple layout and economical use of details, seeking to convey character and imagination. Works that make use of ethereal effect convey a wonderful lucidity, and possess openness, freedom, and natural grace. Such works enable viewers to appreciate the aesthetic joy of free imagination.
▌引例
古人用笔极塞实处愈见空灵，今人布置一角已见繁缛。（恽格《南田画跋·题画》）
When painting, classical artists made use of ethereal effect all the more where a dense collection of objects normally was required. However today’s artists no sooner begin to paint than they fill the space with elaborate details.
7.枯淡 Dry Plainness
指诗文作品所呈现的质朴干枯、平和清淡的艺术风格。
This refers to a literary style that appears plain and dry, mild and moderate.
枯淡不是枯涩寡味、平庸浅薄，而是指外表看似干枯平淡、内里丰腴醇厚的一种表现手法，旨在用质朴平淡的语言和描写来表现丰富深刻的思想内容，创造出含蓄深邃、醇厚高远的意境。
▌引例
所贵乎枯淡者，谓其外枯而中膏，似淡而实美，渊明、子厚之流是也。（苏轼《评韩柳诗》）
I value the style of dry plainness because it looks withered and dry outside but is rich inside; it appears plain but is in fact beautiful. Poetry by such writers as Tao Yuanming and Liu Zongyuan is like this.
8.畅神 Free Flow of One's Mind
指精神与自然合一时所达到的自由舒畅的一种审美状态。
The term describes a state of mind one achieves when appreciating an artwork, in which process one's inner feelings interact freely and joyfully with nature.
▌引例
圣贤映于绝代，万趣融其神思，余复何为哉？畅神而已。（宗炳《画山水序》）
As sages of remote past already discovered the philosophical wisdom inherent in nature through imagination and contemplation, what more do I need to do now? All I have to do is relishing the joy when my mind interacts freely with the depicted landscape.
9.高古 Unadorned Antiquity
高远古朴，高雅简古。用于文艺批评，主要指文艺作品中所体现出的意蕴高远古朴、情志高雅，凝重而又深具历史感的艺术风格。
This term describes the quality of loftiness or primitive simplicity, and is used primarily in literary criticism to refer to an ancient nobility, an aspiration or sentiment, or an artistic style of historical gravity.
它有时也指高人雅士独具的一种人格境界。
This term is also used to refer to an elevated state of being attained by noble-minded persons.
▌引例
汉人诗文，存于今者，无不高古浑朴。（章学诚《文史通义·内篇五·妇学篇书后》）
Prose and poetry by Han Dynasty authors, so long as they have survived to this day, all show a lofty adherence to an unadorned antiquity and a charming rusticity.
10.气象 Prevailing Features
原是自然界中景色物候的总称，也指某个时期社会的总体精神风貌。
Qixiang (气象), originally a term about the general state of scenery and physical objects in nature, also refers to the prevailing features of a society in a given period of time.
具体到艺术领域，指艺术作品所呈现出的风格与气概，内涵偏重于宏伟壮大，多用“雄浑”（heroic）“浑厚”（immense）“峥嵘”（sublime）等来修饰。
▌引例
盛唐诸公之诗，如颜鲁公书，既笔力雄壮，又气象浑厚。（严羽《答出继叔临安吴景仙书》）
Works of many poets during the prime of the Tang Dynasty struck readers with their powerful expression, just like the calligraphy of Yan Zhenqing.（内容来源于中国日报网英语点津）
【论道】
道：先天无极混元大道
道○（无极）生一⊙（太极）
一⊙（太极）生二☯（阴阳）
二☯（阴阳）生三（天地人）
三（天地人）生万物
简言之：道生万物
【注】
天为阳，地为阴，人为阴阳合体。
纯阳之体为神，在天；
纯阴之体为鬼，在地；
阴阳合体之身为人，在中间。
无极○生太极⊙
太极⊙生两仪☯（阴阳）
两仪☯生四象（老阴 少阴 老阳 少阳）
四象生八卦（乾坎艮震巽离坤兑）
八卦生六十四卦
六十四卦生万物
无○中生有⊙
有⊙生于无○
无○，为天地之始
有⊙，为万物之母
《道德经》云：“道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。”一为“太极”，二为“阴阳”，三为“天、地、人”三才（天有三宝：日月星，地有三宝：水火风，人有三宝：精气神）。修道就是要倒过来，要逆流，非顺流，顺流即生死，逆流是涅槃。顺则凡，逆则仙，反修逆炼回先天，颠颠倒倒成真仙。所以说，修道就是逆着来：三返二，二返一，一返大道。返朴归真。
道生太极，太极生阴阳，阴阳生天地人，天地人生万物。故“人法地、地法天、天法道、道法自然。”此为“大道无形、大道至简。”
此与《周易》中“无极生太极，太极生两仪，两仪生四象，四象生八卦，八卦生六十四卦，六十四卦生万物。”有殊途同归之意。注：两仪为“阴阳”，四象为“老阳、少阳、老阴、少阴”，八卦为“乾、坎、艮、震、巽、离、坤、兑”。六十四卦是每八卦之宫又各有八卦，即为八八六十四卦。
八卦定乾坤，阴阳生万物。一阴一阳之谓道，偏阴偏阳之谓疾。阴消阳长，阳消阴长，孤阴不生，独阳不长。
大道至简，道法归一，这个“一”指的道根是一样的，同根同源，只是分支不同，各有所表。
如同“佛、道”两教，他们行之有别，实质存乎一道，只是为了方便度人而分门分派立教，以各种方便法门而度化众生。佛家以“福慧双修”而观其妙（本性），道家以“性命双修”而观其窍（祖窍），此两者同出而异名，同谓之玄，玄之又玄，众妙之门。
正所谓“道，可道，非恒道。名，可名，非恒名。” 道道道，此道非彼道，彼道非此道 。大道无道，同归一道，万法无法，法无定法。
道：先天无极混元大道
道○（无极）生一⊙（太极）
一⊙（太极）生二☯（阴阳）
二☯（阴阳）生三（天地人）
三（天地人）生万物
简言之：道生万物
【注】
天为阳，地为阴，人为阴阳合体。
纯阳之体为神，在天；
纯阴之体为鬼，在地；
阴阳合体之身为人，在中间。
无极○生太极⊙
太极⊙生两仪☯（阴阳）
两仪☯生四象（老阴 少阴 老阳 少阳）
四象生八卦（乾坎艮震巽离坤兑）
八卦生六十四卦
六十四卦生万物
无○中生有⊙
有⊙生于无○
无○，为天地之始
有⊙，为万物之母
《道德经》云：“道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。”一为“太极”，二为“阴阳”，三为“天、地、人”三才（天有三宝：日月星，地有三宝：水火风，人有三宝：精气神）。修道就是要倒过来，要逆流，非顺流，顺流即生死，逆流是涅槃。顺则凡，逆则仙，反修逆炼回先天，颠颠倒倒成真仙。所以说，修道就是逆着来：三返二，二返一，一返大道。返朴归真。
道生太极，太极生阴阳，阴阳生天地人，天地人生万物。故“人法地、地法天、天法道、道法自然。”此为“大道无形、大道至简。”
此与《周易》中“无极生太极，太极生两仪，两仪生四象，四象生八卦，八卦生六十四卦，六十四卦生万物。”有殊途同归之意。注：两仪为“阴阳”，四象为“老阳、少阳、老阴、少阴”，八卦为“乾、坎、艮、震、巽、离、坤、兑”。六十四卦是每八卦之宫又各有八卦，即为八八六十四卦。
八卦定乾坤，阴阳生万物。一阴一阳之谓道，偏阴偏阳之谓疾。阴消阳长，阳消阴长，孤阴不生，独阳不长。
大道至简，道法归一，这个“一”指的道根是一样的，同根同源，只是分支不同，各有所表。
如同“佛、道”两教，他们行之有别，实质存乎一道，只是为了方便度人而分门分派立教，以各种方便法门而度化众生。佛家以“福慧双修”而观其妙（本性），道家以“性命双修”而观其窍（祖窍），此两者同出而异名，同谓之玄，玄之又玄，众妙之门。
正所谓“道，可道，非恒道。名，可名，非恒名。” 道道道，此道非彼道，彼道非此道 。大道无道，同归一道，万法无法，法无定法。
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科书一份（内附行科秘符一道）、通用表文一份、专用功曹凭证一份（内附功曹真言一道）。（新学可附送表函、函印各一份）
【奏章科简本】通白文！没有复杂的唱念，只要识字会念！奏表升疏专用。
纯净明没有夹杂任何别家道派的内容。用最纯最简的仪轨来达成目标。
专业技能、受用一生！
学不了学不会高功经忏的非常合适！
没有场地没有团队合作的非常合适！
若行科需保举补奏（新入局职）私询！
科书一份（内附行科秘符一道）、通用表文一份、专用功曹凭证一份（内附功曹真言一道）。（新学可附送表函、函印各一份）
【奏章科简本】通白文！没有复杂的唱念，只要识字会念！奏表升疏专用。
纯净明没有夹杂任何别家道派的内容。用最纯最简的仪轨来达成目标。
专业技能、受用一生！
学不了学不会高功经忏的非常合适！
没有场地没有团队合作的非常合适！
若行科需保举补奏（新入局职）私询！
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