Paraesophageal hernia occurs when the lower part of the esophagus, the stomach, or other organs move up into the chest.
The hiatus is an opening in the diaphragm (a muscle separating the chest from the abdomen) through which organs pass from the chest into the abdomen. The lower part of the esophagus and the stomach normally reside in the abdomen, just under the diaphragm. The gastroesophageal(GE) junction is the area where the esophagus connects with the stomach and is usually located 1 to 2 inches below the diaphragm. A hiatal or paraesophageal hernia occurs when the GE junction, the stomach, or other abdominal organs such as the small intestine, colon, or spleen move up into the chest where they do not belong. There are several types of paraesophageal hernias. Type I is a hiatal hernia or sliding hernia, in which the GE junction moves above the diaphragm, leaving the stomach in the abdomen; this represents 95% of all paraesophageal hernias. Types II, III, and IV occur when part or all of the stomach and sometimes other organs move up into the chest.
Common Symptoms of Paraesophageal Hernia
More than half of the population has a hiatal or paraesophageal hernia. However, most people are symptom free. Hiatal hernias and paraesophageal hernias may cause symptoms such as reflux and heartburn; nausea, burping, and vomiting; regurgitation of food; unexplained upper abdominal or chest pain; a sense of fullness after eating; bloating; shortness of breath or coughing; or a sense of food getting stuck in the chest.
Treatment
Treatment of paraesophageal hernias depends on the type of hernia and severity of symptoms. Type I hiatal hernias are typically managed with medications for reflux and do not require other treatment. Type II and III hernias may require surgery if they become symptomatic. In type IV hernias, when organs such as the small bowel, colon, or pancreas are trapped in the chest, surgery is often necessary.
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The hiatus is an opening in the diaphragm (a muscle separating the chest from the abdomen) through which organs pass from the chest into the abdomen. The lower part of the esophagus and the stomach normally reside in the abdomen, just under the diaphragm. The gastroesophageal(GE) junction is the area where the esophagus connects with the stomach and is usually located 1 to 2 inches below the diaphragm. A hiatal or paraesophageal hernia occurs when the GE junction, the stomach, or other abdominal organs such as the small intestine, colon, or spleen move up into the chest where they do not belong. There are several types of paraesophageal hernias. Type I is a hiatal hernia or sliding hernia, in which the GE junction moves above the diaphragm, leaving the stomach in the abdomen; this represents 95% of all paraesophageal hernias. Types II, III, and IV occur when part or all of the stomach and sometimes other organs move up into the chest.
Common Symptoms of Paraesophageal Hernia
More than half of the population has a hiatal or paraesophageal hernia. However, most people are symptom free. Hiatal hernias and paraesophageal hernias may cause symptoms such as reflux and heartburn; nausea, burping, and vomiting; regurgitation of food; unexplained upper abdominal or chest pain; a sense of fullness after eating; bloating; shortness of breath or coughing; or a sense of food getting stuck in the chest.
Treatment
Treatment of paraesophageal hernias depends on the type of hernia and severity of symptoms. Type I hiatal hernias are typically managed with medications for reflux and do not require other treatment. Type II and III hernias may require surgery if they become symptomatic. In type IV hernias, when organs such as the small bowel, colon, or pancreas are trapped in the chest, surgery is often necessary.
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Jo Malone聖誕限量版2019： 聖誕禮物要鎖定這枝靛藍色香水！
就到聖誕節，與閨密們交換聖誕禮物是最期待的事。香水是不少女生希望收到，不同香氣表現出女生的獨特個性。Jo Malone聖誕限量版2019香水，寂夜中的星空藍色的香水瓶包裝，就給人療癒的感覺，加上推出的限定香水味道很特別，小編已經鎖定它做今年送出的聖誕禮物之一！
Jo Malone聖誕限量版2019
English Pear & Freesia Cologne/100ml
2019年Jo Malone的聖誕禮物主題是Magic & Mayhem，以寂靜藍色與透明香水瓶為包裝，就像魔法中的神秘藍，絕美質感想讓人收藏。Jo Malone聖誕限定版香水星空藍色包裝，是Jo Malone熱賣皇牌英國梨與小蒼蘭（English Pear & Freesia Cologne），有清新香甜的英國梨子香氣，配上白色小蒼蘭的淡淡花香，甜而不膩，聞起上來很舒服，是讓男人想要親近的香氣。
Rose & Magnolia Colon/100ml
Jo Malone更推出限定聖誕香味玫瑰與木蘭花（Rose & Magnolia Colon），玫瑰花優雅綻放，配上純淨木蘭香，展現女性迷人溫柔那一面，噴上它絕對令別人對你回頭！
就到聖誕節，與閨密們交換聖誕禮物是最期待的事。香水是不少女生希望收到，不同香氣表現出女生的獨特個性。Jo Malone聖誕限量版2019香水，寂夜中的星空藍色的香水瓶包裝，就給人療癒的感覺，加上推出的限定香水味道很特別，小編已經鎖定它做今年送出的聖誕禮物之一！
Jo Malone聖誕限量版2019
English Pear & Freesia Cologne/100ml
2019年Jo Malone的聖誕禮物主題是Magic & Mayhem，以寂靜藍色與透明香水瓶為包裝，就像魔法中的神秘藍，絕美質感想讓人收藏。Jo Malone聖誕限定版香水星空藍色包裝，是Jo Malone熱賣皇牌英國梨與小蒼蘭（English Pear & Freesia Cologne），有清新香甜的英國梨子香氣，配上白色小蒼蘭的淡淡花香，甜而不膩，聞起上來很舒服，是讓男人想要親近的香氣。
Rose & Magnolia Colon/100ml
Jo Malone更推出限定聖誕香味玫瑰與木蘭花（Rose & Magnolia Colon），玫瑰花優雅綻放，配上純淨木蘭香，展現女性迷人溫柔那一面，噴上它絕對令別人對你回頭！
Diaphragmatic hernia is a defect or hole in the diaphragm that allows the abdominal contents to move into the chest cavity ➡️Types:
.
Type I 1️⃣ Hiatal Hernia: It is the most type of Hernia and is also renamed as sliding Hiatal Hernia.
.
Type II 2️⃣(paraesophageal) a hiatal hernia:- In this kind of a hernia, stomach herniates through diaphragmatic esophageal hiatus alongside the esophagus. Gastroesophageal junction remains below the hiatus and the stomach rotates in front of the esophagus and herniates into the chest.
.
Type III3️⃣ hiatal hernia: In this kind of a hernia, gastroesophageal junction is herniated above the diaphragm and the stomach is herniated alongside the esophagus.
.
Type IV 4️⃣Hiatal Hernia: When other organs such as colon, small intestine, spleen also get herniated into the chest in addition to stomach, it is called type IV hiatal hernia.
#医学生Medic[超话]##医学##medicaltalks#
.
Type I 1️⃣ Hiatal Hernia: It is the most type of Hernia and is also renamed as sliding Hiatal Hernia.
.
Type II 2️⃣(paraesophageal) a hiatal hernia:- In this kind of a hernia, stomach herniates through diaphragmatic esophageal hiatus alongside the esophagus. Gastroesophageal junction remains below the hiatus and the stomach rotates in front of the esophagus and herniates into the chest.
.
Type III3️⃣ hiatal hernia: In this kind of a hernia, gastroesophageal junction is herniated above the diaphragm and the stomach is herniated alongside the esophagus.
.
Type IV 4️⃣Hiatal Hernia: When other organs such as colon, small intestine, spleen also get herniated into the chest in addition to stomach, it is called type IV hiatal hernia.
#医学生Medic[超话]##医学##medicaltalks#
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