#孙胜完魅力富翁##蜜音甜豆孙胜完# 210917 RV官推更新
【웬디(WENDY) ‘由美的细胞们 OST Part1’
[在乎我吗 (나를 신경 쓰고 있는 건가)]
Melon: kko.to/gR4491zf0
genie: genie.co.kr/Z43T35
FLO: flomuz.io/s/a.BF1OZ
VIBE: naver.me/GNy1LJzX】
️Wendy个人账号【todayis_wendy】
【웬디(WENDY) ‘由美的细胞们 OST Part1’
[在乎我吗 (나를 신경 쓰고 있는 건가)]
Melon: kko.to/gR4491zf0
genie: genie.co.kr/Z43T35
FLO: flomuz.io/s/a.BF1OZ
VIBE: naver.me/GNy1LJzX】
️Wendy个人账号【todayis_wendy】
#杂七杂八学英语# live off the grid 与世隔绝 (C15- T3- P2）
=live off the land / embrace an off-grid lifestyle
#雅思阅读# The device is aimed at a wide variety of users- from homeowners in the developing world who do not have a constant supply of water to people living off the grid in the rural parts of the US.
=live off the land / embrace an off-grid lifestyle
#雅思阅读# The device is aimed at a wide variety of users- from homeowners in the developing world who do not have a constant supply of water to people living off the grid in the rural parts of the US.
(It's nerd time!)
I am fond of the ancient Zhou 周 civilization and its writing system. It feels fascinating to read and understand what people from nearly 3000 years ago left to these days on the bronze artifacts.
However, it is difficult since you need to understand not only the archaic large seal script 大篆 but also the obsolete grammar and vocabulary of pre-classical Chinese. Also, because of the limited number of characters, many sound loan characters (通假字) were used which further increases the difficulty. Often, you cannot understand this sound loan phenomenon, which is not obvious in any modern Chinese variety, without a knowledge of the sounds of Old Chinese. In other words, the sound loan characters would make much more sense if you read them in Old Chinese (reconstructed by linguists, of course).
Below is the inscription on a cauldron called 頌鼎 (created by a person named Song 頌 during the reign of King Xuan of Zhou 周宣王 at the end of Western Zhou era, 8th century BC), from which I made a list of 通假字 and their sound connection in Old Chinese. The author used many sound loans which are very different from the point of view of modern languages, such as 即立 instead of 即位, 令女 instead of 命汝, 易 instead of 賜, 入 instead of 納, etc...
隹（唯）三年五月既死霸（魄）甲戌，王 才（在）周康卲宮。
旦，王 各（格）大室，即 立（位）。
宰引 右（佑）頌入門，立中廷。
尹氏 受（授）王 令（命）書，王 乎（呼）史虢生冊 令（命）頌。
王曰：頌，令（命）女（汝）官 （司）成周 賈 (貯?) 廿家，監 （司）新（造），賈 (貯?) 用宮御。易（賜）女（汝）玄衣黹 屯（純）、赤巿、朱 黃（衡）、䜌（鑾）旂、攸（鋚）勒，用事。
頌拜 䭫（稽）首。受 令（命）冊，佩（以）出，反入堇章（返納瑾璋）。
頌敢對（揚）天子 不（丕）顯魯休，用 乍（作）朕皇考 龏（龔）弔（叔）、皇母 龏（龔）始（姒）寶（尊）鼎。用追孝，（祈）匃（丐）康 （娛）、屯右（純祐）、通 彔（祿）、永 令（命）。頌（其）萬年（眉）壽，㽙（畯）臣天子，霝冬（靈終），子子孫孫寶用。
- Sound loan characters:
1. 隹 *ɢʷij（唯 *ɢʷij）
2. 才 *dzˤə（在 *dzˤəʔ）
3. 各 *kˤak（格 *kˤrak）
4. 立 *k.rəp（位 *ɢʷrəp-s）
5. 右 *ɢʷəʔ（佑 *ɢʷəʔ-s）
6. 受 *duʔ（授 *duʔ-s）
7. 令 *riŋ-s（命 *m-riŋ-s）
8. 乎 *ɢˤa（呼 *qʰˤa）
9. 女 *nraʔ（汝 *naʔ）
10. 易 *lek（賜 *s-lek-s）
11. 屯 *dˤun（純 *dun）
12. 黃 *N-kʷˤaŋ（衡 *gˤraŋ）
13. 䜌 *mə.rˤon（鑾 *mə.rˤon）
14. 攸 *liw（鋚 *lˤiw）
15. 反 *Cə.panʔ（返 *Cə.panʔ）
16. 入 *nup（納 *nˤup）
17. 堇 *grər（瑾 *grər-s）
18. 章 *taŋ（璋 *taŋ）
19. 不 *pə（丕 *pʰrə）
20. 乍 *dzˤrak-s（作 *tsˤak）
21. 弔 *tˤiwk（叔 *s-tiwk）
22. 始 *l̥əʔ（姒 *sə.ləʔ）
23. 彔 *pə.rˤok（祿 *rˤok）
24. 霝 *rˤeŋ（靈 *rˤeŋ）
25. 冬 *tˤuŋ（終 *tuŋ）
I am fond of the ancient Zhou 周 civilization and its writing system. It feels fascinating to read and understand what people from nearly 3000 years ago left to these days on the bronze artifacts.
However, it is difficult since you need to understand not only the archaic large seal script 大篆 but also the obsolete grammar and vocabulary of pre-classical Chinese. Also, because of the limited number of characters, many sound loan characters (通假字) were used which further increases the difficulty. Often, you cannot understand this sound loan phenomenon, which is not obvious in any modern Chinese variety, without a knowledge of the sounds of Old Chinese. In other words, the sound loan characters would make much more sense if you read them in Old Chinese (reconstructed by linguists, of course).
Below is the inscription on a cauldron called 頌鼎 (created by a person named Song 頌 during the reign of King Xuan of Zhou 周宣王 at the end of Western Zhou era, 8th century BC), from which I made a list of 通假字 and their sound connection in Old Chinese. The author used many sound loans which are very different from the point of view of modern languages, such as 即立 instead of 即位, 令女 instead of 命汝, 易 instead of 賜, 入 instead of 納, etc...
隹（唯）三年五月既死霸（魄）甲戌，王 才（在）周康卲宮。
旦，王 各（格）大室，即 立（位）。
宰引 右（佑）頌入門，立中廷。
尹氏 受（授）王 令（命）書，王 乎（呼）史虢生冊 令（命）頌。
王曰：頌，令（命）女（汝）官 （司）成周 賈 (貯?) 廿家，監 （司）新（造），賈 (貯?) 用宮御。易（賜）女（汝）玄衣黹 屯（純）、赤巿、朱 黃（衡）、䜌（鑾）旂、攸（鋚）勒，用事。
頌拜 䭫（稽）首。受 令（命）冊，佩（以）出，反入堇章（返納瑾璋）。
頌敢對（揚）天子 不（丕）顯魯休，用 乍（作）朕皇考 龏（龔）弔（叔）、皇母 龏（龔）始（姒）寶（尊）鼎。用追孝，（祈）匃（丐）康 （娛）、屯右（純祐）、通 彔（祿）、永 令（命）。頌（其）萬年（眉）壽，㽙（畯）臣天子，霝冬（靈終），子子孫孫寶用。
- Sound loan characters:
1. 隹 *ɢʷij（唯 *ɢʷij）
2. 才 *dzˤə（在 *dzˤəʔ）
3. 各 *kˤak（格 *kˤrak）
4. 立 *k.rəp（位 *ɢʷrəp-s）
5. 右 *ɢʷəʔ（佑 *ɢʷəʔ-s）
6. 受 *duʔ（授 *duʔ-s）
7. 令 *riŋ-s（命 *m-riŋ-s）
8. 乎 *ɢˤa（呼 *qʰˤa）
9. 女 *nraʔ（汝 *naʔ）
10. 易 *lek（賜 *s-lek-s）
11. 屯 *dˤun（純 *dun）
12. 黃 *N-kʷˤaŋ（衡 *gˤraŋ）
13. 䜌 *mə.rˤon（鑾 *mə.rˤon）
14. 攸 *liw（鋚 *lˤiw）
15. 反 *Cə.panʔ（返 *Cə.panʔ）
16. 入 *nup（納 *nˤup）
17. 堇 *grər（瑾 *grər-s）
18. 章 *taŋ（璋 *taŋ）
19. 不 *pə（丕 *pʰrə）
20. 乍 *dzˤrak-s（作 *tsˤak）
21. 弔 *tˤiwk（叔 *s-tiwk）
22. 始 *l̥əʔ（姒 *sə.ləʔ）
23. 彔 *pə.rˤok（祿 *rˤok）
24. 霝 *rˤeŋ（靈 *rˤeŋ）
25. 冬 *tˤuŋ（終 *tuŋ）
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