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焊缝余高有哪些处理方法？
定义：焊缝表面两焊趾连线上金属的高度。
Definition: the height of metal on the connecting line between two weld toes on the weld surface.
余高产生的原因
Causes of reinforcement
焊接过程中产生焊缝余高，由于最后一层起到保温缓冷的作用，对降低焊接应力有重要作用，细化晶粒。同时，它也是其他杂质和气孔的收集区。
Weld reinforcement occurs during welding. Since the last layer plays the role of heat preservation and slow cooling, it plays an important role in reducing welding stress and refining grain. At the same time, it is also a collection area for other impurities and pores.
余高的坏处
Disadvantages of surplus height
压力容器的突然变化，会引起局部应力集中。此外，余高有一个缺陷，它很可能是疲劳裂纹的核心，打磨后没有余高的设备，比有余高的设备使用寿命长2.0 ~ 2.5倍。
The sudden change of pressure vessel will cause local stress concentration. In addition, reinforcement must be a defect. It is likely to be the core of fatigue crack. The service life of equipment without reinforcement after grinding is 2.0 ~ 2.5 times longer than that of equipment with reinforcement.
对余高处理的建议
Suggestions on reinforcement treatment
建议打磨好，标准是最低要求，建议打磨重要设备或投资大的设备必须认真打磨。
It is recommended to polish well. The standard is the minimum requirement. It is recommended that important equipment or equipment with large investment must be polished carefully.
焊缝余高的危害
Hazard of weld reinforcement
由于焊缝余高引起，容易在焊趾处形成应力腐蚀裂纹的对接接头的应力集中，对接接头焊趾处的应力最大。
Due to the reinforcement of the weld, the stress concentration of the butt joint which is easy to form stress corrosion cracks at the weld toe, and the stress at the weld toe of the butt joint is the largest.
焊缝残余高度越大，焊接接头的强度反而会降低，应力集中越严重。焊后压扁剩余高度，能减少应力集中，只要不低于母材，有时还能提高焊接接头的强度。
The greater the residual height of the weld, the lower the strength of the welded joint and the more serious the stress concentration. Flattening the remaining height after welding can reduce the stress concentration, and sometimes improve the strength of the welded joint as long as it is not lower than the base metal.
过大的外部焊缝残余高度不利于防腐。
Excessive residual height of external weld is not conducive to anti-corrosion.
如果操作时用环氧树脂玻璃布防腐，外侧焊缝过大，会造成焊趾压不牢。同时，焊缝越高，防腐层也要越厚，增加了防腐成本，因为标准规定防腐层厚度是以外侧焊缝顶点为基准测量。
If epoxy resin glass cloth is used，for anti-corrosion during operation, the outer weld is too large, which will cause unstable pressure at the weld toe. At the same time, the higher the weld, the thicker the anti-corrosion coating, which increases the anti-corrosion cost, because the standard stipulates that the thickness of the anti-corrosion coating is measured based on the top of the outer weld.
定义：焊缝表面两焊趾连线上金属的高度。
Definition: the height of metal on the connecting line between two weld toes on the weld surface.
余高产生的原因
Causes of reinforcement
焊接过程中产生焊缝余高，由于最后一层起到保温缓冷的作用，对降低焊接应力有重要作用，细化晶粒。同时，它也是其他杂质和气孔的收集区。
Weld reinforcement occurs during welding. Since the last layer plays the role of heat preservation and slow cooling, it plays an important role in reducing welding stress and refining grain. At the same time, it is also a collection area for other impurities and pores.
余高的坏处
Disadvantages of surplus height
压力容器的突然变化，会引起局部应力集中。此外，余高有一个缺陷，它很可能是疲劳裂纹的核心，打磨后没有余高的设备，比有余高的设备使用寿命长2.0 ~ 2.5倍。
The sudden change of pressure vessel will cause local stress concentration. In addition, reinforcement must be a defect. It is likely to be the core of fatigue crack. The service life of equipment without reinforcement after grinding is 2.0 ~ 2.5 times longer than that of equipment with reinforcement.
对余高处理的建议
Suggestions on reinforcement treatment
建议打磨好，标准是最低要求，建议打磨重要设备或投资大的设备必须认真打磨。
It is recommended to polish well. The standard is the minimum requirement. It is recommended that important equipment or equipment with large investment must be polished carefully.
焊缝余高的危害
Hazard of weld reinforcement
由于焊缝余高引起，容易在焊趾处形成应力腐蚀裂纹的对接接头的应力集中，对接接头焊趾处的应力最大。
Due to the reinforcement of the weld, the stress concentration of the butt joint which is easy to form stress corrosion cracks at the weld toe, and the stress at the weld toe of the butt joint is the largest.
焊缝残余高度越大，焊接接头的强度反而会降低，应力集中越严重。焊后压扁剩余高度，能减少应力集中，只要不低于母材，有时还能提高焊接接头的强度。
The greater the residual height of the weld, the lower the strength of the welded joint and the more serious the stress concentration. Flattening the remaining height after welding can reduce the stress concentration, and sometimes improve the strength of the welded joint as long as it is not lower than the base metal.
过大的外部焊缝残余高度不利于防腐。
Excessive residual height of external weld is not conducive to anti-corrosion.
如果操作时用环氧树脂玻璃布防腐，外侧焊缝过大，会造成焊趾压不牢。同时，焊缝越高，防腐层也要越厚，增加了防腐成本，因为标准规定防腐层厚度是以外侧焊缝顶点为基准测量。
If epoxy resin glass cloth is used，for anti-corrosion during operation, the outer weld is too large, which will cause unstable pressure at the weld toe. At the same time, the higher the weld, the thicker the anti-corrosion coating, which increases the anti-corrosion cost, because the standard stipulates that the thickness of the anti-corrosion coating is measured based on the top of the outer weld.
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