Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva - before and after surgery!
Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is the end-stage of a spectrum of disease referred to as ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). OSSN is a malignant disease of the eyes that can lead to loss of vision and, in severe cases, death. The main risk factors for both are exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation outdoors, HIV/AIDS, human papilloma virus and allergic conjunctivitis. The limbal epithelial cells appear to be the progenitorsof this disease.
OSSN is an important ophthalmic public health problem in equatorial Africa, where there are both high levels of UV radiation and a high incidence of HIV/AIDS. Africa has the highest incidence of OSSN in the world, affecting about 1.3 people per 100,000 population per year.
This disease has a variable appearance. Red eye, photophobia, irritation, foreign body sensation and a white, painless, progressive growth on the surface of the eye are common presenting symptoms. Most lesions occur in the interpalpebral fissure, especially on the nasal side. They involve the conjunctiva and may extend onto the peripheral cornea, so visual acuity is often normal in the early stages. It usually only involves one eye. The surface may be gelatinous, papillomatous or fibro-vascular. There is usually inflammation, leukoplakia and markedly dilated blood vessels, referred to as feeder vessels. Some brown to black pigmentation of the lesion is common in African population groups. Most lesions are about 7 mm wide at presentation but late presentation with large orbital tumours are not uncommon.
#医学生Medic[超话]##medicaltalks#
Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is the end-stage of a spectrum of disease referred to as ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). OSSN is a malignant disease of the eyes that can lead to loss of vision and, in severe cases, death. The main risk factors for both are exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation outdoors, HIV/AIDS, human papilloma virus and allergic conjunctivitis. The limbal epithelial cells appear to be the progenitorsof this disease.
OSSN is an important ophthalmic public health problem in equatorial Africa, where there are both high levels of UV radiation and a high incidence of HIV/AIDS. Africa has the highest incidence of OSSN in the world, affecting about 1.3 people per 100,000 population per year.
This disease has a variable appearance. Red eye, photophobia, irritation, foreign body sensation and a white, painless, progressive growth on the surface of the eye are common presenting symptoms. Most lesions occur in the interpalpebral fissure, especially on the nasal side. They involve the conjunctiva and may extend onto the peripheral cornea, so visual acuity is often normal in the early stages. It usually only involves one eye. The surface may be gelatinous, papillomatous or fibro-vascular. There is usually inflammation, leukoplakia and markedly dilated blood vessels, referred to as feeder vessels. Some brown to black pigmentation of the lesion is common in African population groups. Most lesions are about 7 mm wide at presentation but late presentation with large orbital tumours are not uncommon.
#医学生Medic[超话]##medicaltalks#
Brussels wants the region’s automakers to cut carbon emissions from cars by 100 per cent from their 2021 levels, a mandate that would make it impossible to sell new petrol or diesel vehicles from 2035. The move would force the German car industry to accelerate its electrification plans, and lobbyists have warned it could lead to the loss of hundreds of thousands of jobs in the sector.
布鲁塞尔方面希望欧盟的汽车制造商将汽车碳排放量从2021年的水平削减100%，这一要求将导致在2035年以后销售新的汽油或柴油车变得不可能。此举将迫使德国汽车工业加快其电气化计划，游说人士警告称，此举可能导致该行业失去数十万个工作岗位。
布鲁塞尔方面希望欧盟的汽车制造商将汽车碳排放量从2021年的水平削减100%，这一要求将导致在2035年以后销售新的汽油或柴油车变得不可能。此举将迫使德国汽车工业加快其电气化计划，游说人士警告称，此举可能导致该行业失去数十万个工作岗位。
#伦敦租房[超话]#
「伦敦两室两卫七月」
东伦敦 Liverpool Street | Old Street站旁双子塔，One Crown Place in 1802，EC2A 2ER
£1000per week 不包含 bill
2022.07.16起租，一年起租
地铁到UCL16分钟，步行27分钟到达QM, 步行30分钟可达UAL，地铁20分钟到左右KCL,LSE
公寓配有24小时前台健身房办公空间等生活设施，东侧是时尚街区Shoreditch和Spitalfield，住户还能方便到达美食街区Broadgate
「伦敦两室两卫七月」
东伦敦 Liverpool Street | Old Street站旁双子塔，One Crown Place in 1802，EC2A 2ER
£1000per week 不包含 bill
2022.07.16起租，一年起租
地铁到UCL16分钟，步行27分钟到达QM, 步行30分钟可达UAL，地铁20分钟到左右KCL,LSE
公寓配有24小时前台健身房办公空间等生活设施，东侧是时尚街区Shoreditch和Spitalfield，住户还能方便到达美食街区Broadgate
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